Grammar Terms: Parts of Speech

Nouns: These are your people (doctor, teacher, child), animals (dog, elephant, dolphin), places (office, store, park), things (computer, book, tree), and ideas (happiness, truth, hunger). This category also includes proper nouns, which indicate a specific person, place, or thing and begin with a capital letter. 

Pronouns: These are used to substitute for a noun or another pronoun. There are many types of pronouns (which we won’t get into here), but these are words like you, me, that, which, theirs, it, us, him, her, etc. 

Verbs: These are often thought of as “action” words – they describe actions, states, or events. Think of these as describing what your subject is doing or how they are being. The different verb tenses indicate whether the action takes place now (eat), in the past (ate or were eaten), in the future (will eat), and so on. 

Adjectives: These are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. They can indicate a color (blue book), shape (square hole), size (small cat), type (wool mittens), possession (her pencil), etc.  

Adverbs: These are words (or phrases) that modify verbs, adjectives, phrases, or other adverbs. They identify a place, time, cause, degree, or manner. These are the words to use when trying to indicate how (slowly), when (yesterday), where (here), how much (very), or how often (sometimes). 

Conjunctions: These words are used to connect the parts of a sentence (words, phrases, or clauses), like and, but, or if.  

Prepositions: These words indicate the relationship between the subject and the object and can indicate time, direction, place, etc. Examples of prepositions are on, after, in, of, to, and for (the girl on the bus, they had tea in the sunroom, the student went to the library). 

Articles: These are the definite article the or the indefinite article a/an. They are considered to be adjectives.